Katto Katne Shaphang Ka Baibl: Bynta 1

Ka jingthmu jong u nongthoh ka long ban kdew lyngkot ia katto katne ki mat shaphang ka Baibl ba ym baroh ki khun khristan ki tip. Wat la nga la kot 28 snem naduh ba nga pdiang ia U Jisu Khrist kum U Nongpynim bad nga lah dep pule ruh katto katne sien ia ba baibl baroh kawei (khamtam ia ka testament bathymmai), hynrei dei tang ha une u snem ba la leit (2021) ba nga sdang ban ioh jingtip shuh shuh khamtam ia ka histori bad jinglong bashisha (authenticity) jong ka Baibl.

Nga ngeit ba kane ka jingthoh kan ai jingtip shuh shuh shaphang ka Baibl, ba ngin long kiba kham niewkor ia kane ka Ktien bad ba ngin kham sngewtynnad bad ieit ban pule ia ka. Kine ki mat ki long kum ki histori lyngkot jong ka Baibl; ban kham tip shuh shuh kumno ngi ioh ia kane ka Ktien ha ki kyntein lajong bad ba ngi lah ban shaniah ba ka baibl Khasi ba ngi pule ka don ki juh ki kyntien kumba la thoh ha ki por banyngkong eh (original texts lane autographs).

Bun na kine ki jingbatai ki long tang ha ki shi kyntein, ar kyntien (don kiba kham jrong) – tang ban shu tip shaphang kine kiei kiei. Haba la tip khyndiat, la lah ban pule bniah hi lada phi sngewdonkam. Ha ki jingule bad jingwad jingtip, nga la shem bun kiei kiei kiba ia pher na kawei sha kawei (khamtam ha ki snem). Kaei kaba nga kdew hangne ki long kito kiba kham bun ki ia mynjur lang. 

[1]  Ia ka testament barim la shu antad ba la thoh hapdeng ki snem 1450 bad 400 snem shuwa U Khrist (1450–400 BC). Wat la ym don eiei ban pynthikna, la ju mutdur ba la thoh nyngkong eh ia ka kitab u Job ha ki snem 2000–1800 BC; ym shim tip mano ba la thoh ia kane ka kitab.

[2]  Bun ki nonghikai baibl ki mynjur ba u Moses u la thoh ia ki san tylli ki kitab ba sdang (ki Pentateuch) hapdeng ki snem 1450–1405 BC.  Haba phai pat sha ka kitab bakhatduh, don kiba ngeit ba dei ka kitab Malachi (433–425 BC) bad don pat kiba ong ka kitab Nehemiah (445–400 BC).

[3]  Ia ka testament bathymmai la thoh tang hapdeng ki 50 snem ha ka spah snem ba nyngkong (1st century AD). La thoh nyngkong eh ia ka shithi u Jakob (u para jong U Jisu) ha u snem AD 49 bad khatduh ia ka kitab Jingpynpaw ha ki snem AD 94–96.

[4]  Haba phai sha ki shithi u apostol Paul, la thoh ia kine hapdeng ki snem AD 49–67. La thoh nyngkong eh ia ka shithi sha ki nong Galatia bad khatduh ka shithi ba ar sha u Timothi.

Katkum ki snem ba la thoh, ki shithi ki long: Galatia – 1 Thessaloni – 2 Thessaloni – 1 Korinth – 2 Korinth – Rom – Ephesos – Philippi – Philemon – Kolossai – 1 Timothi – Titus – 2 Timothy.

[5]  Ia ka testament barim la thoh nyngkong (original text) ha ka ktien Hebru―katto katne khyndiat bynta la thoh ha ka ktien Aramaic―bad ia ia testament thymmai ha ka Grik. Haba U Jisu u kren shaphang Ki Jingthoh (Scriptures), kane ka mut Ki Jingthoh Hebru (Tanach) lane ka testament barim ha ki baibl jong ngi.  

[6]  Ha ki jingthoh ba nyngkong eh, ym shim don lynnong bad dkhot; ka long beit kawei ka jingthoh. Mynba la thoh ia ki kitab bapher bapher, nga mutdur ba ki nongthoh kim shim la pyrkhat ba un iabynrap ia 66 tylli ki jingthoh ha kawei ka kotbah. Ka long ka jingiarap shibun naba ngi don ki lynnong bad dkhot. Hynrei da kynmaw ruh ba haba ngi pule ngin ym shim ia kano kano ka dkhot tang marwei bad sngewthuh bakla (lane batai bakla) ia ka.

AD 900 – La pynbha bad pynbeit ia ki dkhot ha Ki Jingthoh (Hebrew Scriptures)

1227 – La pynmih nyngkong eh ia ki lynnong da u Stephen Langton ha ka Latin Vulgate (ka baibl ha ktien Latin)

1551 – U Robert Stephanus u pynmih ia ki dkhot ha ka testament thymmai ka ktien Grik.

1555 – Ka Latin Vulgate (ba don baroh ar ki testament) ka long ka baibl ba nyngkong eh ba don ki lynnong bad dkhot.

1560 – La pynmih ia ka Geneva Bible, ka baibl ha ktien phareng, ba don ki lynnong bad dkhot.

Phi lah ban pule kham bnaih shuh shuh hangne.

[7]  Septuagint. Lah ban ong ba kane ka dei ki Jingthoh Hebru (Hebrew Scriptures) ba la pynkylla sha ka ktien Grik. Ha ki spah snem ba nyngkong (1st century AD, ki por U Jisu) la pyndonkam da kane ka Jingthoh ha ki Synagog.

La khot ruh ia kane LXX (70 ha ki dak jingkhien Roman). La ngiet ba 72 ngut ki nongpynkylla ktien ki la trei ban pynkylla ia ka Pentateuch na Hebru sha Grik ha ka spah snem ba ar shuwa U Khrist.

[8]  Aramaic Targums. Haba ngi pule ki baibl phareng, ngi iohi shai ia ki jingiapher. Don kiba eh ban sngewthuh (kum ka King James Version) bad don kiba kham suk (kum ka Living Bible). Kawei ka nuksa na Hebru 1:1-2.

KJV: God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;  

TLB: Long ago God spoke in many different ways to our fathers through the prophets, in visions, dreams, and even face to face, telling them little by little about his plans. But now in these days he has spoken to us through his Son to whom he has given everything and through whom he made the world and everything there is.

Ban tip kiei kita ki Aramaic Targums, shu mutdur ba Ki Jingthoh ki long kum ka KJV bad bun ki Jiw kin ym sngewthuh lada ki pule [lane sngap] ia ka. Hadein ka jingshah ring mraw, ka ktien Hebru ka sdang ban duh bad la pyndonkam da ka Aramaic. Ym tang ba ki shem jingeh, hynrei kim lah hi ruh ban sngewthuh shuh ia ka ktien Hebru.

Ki Aramaic Targums ki long ki jingpynkylla sha ka ktien Aramaic ia Ki Jingthoh. Ym shim la shu pynkylla ktien, hynrei la thoh ruh ha ka rukom ba ki paidbah baroh kin sngewthuh haba sngap ia ka. Halor ka jingpynkylla sha ktien Aramaic, la thoh ruh ia ki jingmut jong kine ki kyntien (lah ban pyniahap bad ki bible commentary ba don mynta). 

[9]  Masoretic Text. Lada ka jingthmu jong ki Targums ka dei ban iarap ia u paidbah ban sngewthuh ia Ki Jingthoh, ka Masoretic Text pat ka thmu ban pynsah ia ki kyntein jong Ki Jingthoh kumba la thoh nyngkong eh ia ki (original text). La sdang ia kane ka kam ha ka spah snem ba hynriew bad la pyndep ha ka spah snem shiphew hadien U Khrist (6th to 10th century AD). Ioh jingtip shuh shuh nangne.    

[10]  Latin Vulgate. Kane ka dei ka baibl ha ka ktien Latin kaba la pynmih da u Jerome ha AD 405. Ha shuwa kane, la don bun ki translation ha Latin. Hynrei don ki jingiapher hapdeng jong ki. Da ka jingthmu ban wanrah kawei ka Baibl ba ka Balang baroh kawei yn pyndonkam, u Pope Damascus I u la phah ia u Jerome ban pynmih ia ka Baibl ba pura bad kane ka long ka Latin Vulgate. Ha ki spah snem ba bud, ka la long ka Baibl jong ki balang baroh ba pyndonkam ia ka ktien Latin. Ha u snem 1590 (palat 1,000 snem hadien ba ka mih) ka Sixtine Vulgate ka la long ka Baibl (official Bible) jong ka Balang Catholic. La pynbud ia kane da ka Clementine Vulgate ha u snem 1592 bad kane ka long Ka Baibl jong ka Balang haduh u snem 1979. 

Yn dang bteng sha ka bynta ba ar.